For other uses, see, Map of the United States with Louisiana highlighted, Exploration and colonization by Europeans, United States presidential election results for Louisiana. Photos at Celtic Park - A View From My Seat In some regions, English was influenced by French, as seen with Louisiana English. [133] Salt domes are important not only as a source of salt; they also serve as underground traps for oil and gas.[134]. In 2000, before the 2005 Hurricane Katrina, its population was about 12,000. The Caddoan Mississippians occupied a large territory, including what is now eastern Oklahoma, western Arkansas, northeast Texas, and northwest Louisiana. Also, New Orleans has hosted the Super Bowl a record eleven times,[286][287] as well as the BCS National Championship Game, NBA All-Star Game and NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship. At the start of the 19th century, Louisiana was a small producer of sugar with a relatively small number of slaves, compared to Saint-Domingue and the West Indies. The limited years of Spanish rule at the end of the 18th century did not result in widespread adoption of the Spanish language. [72], Pierre Clment de Laussat (Governor, 1803) said: "Saint-Domingue was, of all our colonies in the Antilles, the one whose mentality and customs influenced Louisiana the most."[73]. As described by historian Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, they developed a marked Afro-Creole culture in the colonial era.[226][227]. Celtic Park Maps The Crescent serves Slidell then runs northeast to New York via Birmingham, Atlanta, Charlotte, and Washington, D.C. The subtropical characteristics of the state are due to its low latitude, low lying topography, and the influence of the Gulf of Mexico, which at its farthest point is no more than 200mi (320km) away. Louisiana is home to many cultures; especially notable are the distinct cultures of the Louisiana Creoles and Cajuns, descendants of French and Spanish settlers in colonial Louisiana. There are also many species of tree frogs such as the state recognized American green tree frog and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. Despite ranking as the third-least educated state as of 2023, preceded by Mississippi and West Virginia,[14] Louisiana is home to over 40 public and private colleges and universities including: Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge; the University of Louisiana at Lafayette in Lafayette; and Tulane University in New Orleans. Canals dug for the oil and gas industry also allow storms to move sea water inland, where it damages swamps and marshes. In October 1801 he sent a large military force to take back Saint-Domingue, then under control of Toussaint Louverture after the Haitian Revolution. The area is also prone to frequent thunderstorms, especially in the summer. On April 14, 1812, Congress had authorized Louisiana to expand its borders to include the Florida Parishes,[83][84] but the border change required approval of the state legislature, which it did not give until August 4. [148] The majority of urban Louisianians live along the coast or in northern Louisiana. [256], The Gulf Intracoastal Waterway is an important means of transporting commercial goods such as petroleum and petroleum products, agricultural produce, building materials and manufactured goods. Ten parishes in the Baton Rouge and New Orleans area had a combined 17% decline in private school enrollment in that period. The French colony of La Louisiane struggled for decades to survive. Louisiana finally ratified the amendment on June 11, 1970.[106]. Louisiana has a humid subtropical climate (Kppen climate classification Cfa), with long, hot, humid summers and short, mild winters. The northern part of the state is mildly cool in the winter, with highs averaging 59F (15C). In more elevated areas, fire is a natural process in the landscape and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas. The pine flatwoods are also at great risk, mostly from fire suppression and urban sprawl. Federal spending in 2005 and subsequent years since has been exceptionally high due to the recovery from Hurricane Katrina. ", "U.S. federal state of Louisianareal GDP 20002019", "Katrina Effect: LA Tops Nation in Income Growth", "Pew: Arizona, Louisiana among seven states that receive more federal dollars than state tax revenue", "Photos: The Los Isleos Fiesta celebrates Canary Island immigrants, cultural heritage of St. Bernard", "Indigenous Tribes of New Orleans & Louisiana", "The French Language in Louisiana Law and Legal Education: A Requiem", "Louisiana joins international organization of French-speaking governments", "UL Lafayette achieves Carnegie's prestigious R1 designation", "National University Rankings | Top National Universities | US News Best Colleges", "How 19-year-old Zack Kopplin is making life hell for Louisiana's creationists", "Private school enrollment falls 5% in Louisiana, even more in New Orleans, Baton Rouge areas", "Half of Louisiana's voucher students at D or F schools in program's first year, data shows", "Private school vouchers will be used to educate almost 9,000 Louisiana students", "Federal government has right to examine voucher assignments, judge says", "Louisiana sues federal government to repair erosion along Gulf Intracoastal Waterway", "Cost of Voting in the American States: 2020", "Top 10 worst prisons in the United States Exploring-USA", "What is the Police Jury? In 1960 the state established the Louisiana State Sovereignty Commission, to investigate civil rights activists and maintain segregation. Once part of the French colonial empire, the Louisiana Territory stretched from presentday Mobile Bay to just north of the presentday CanadaUnited States border, including a small part of what are now the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Biography, news, photos and videos", "Huey Pierce Long Statue, U.S. Capitol for Louisiana | AOC", "WATCH: Peyton Manning humbled by the honor of being inducted into Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame", "Country star and north Louisiana native Tim McGraw riffs on 'Southern Voice,' sobriety, song searches and Sandra Bullock", "New Orleans native Tyler Perry buys groceries for senior shoppers at 73 stores", "Zachary Richard | Music in Lafayette, LA", "Where the Heart Is: Ian Somerhalder reflects on the allure of his Louisiana parish", "Britney Spears' childhood home sells for less than $300K", "Jamie Lynn Spears' Hometown Reacts: Residents Respond To Pregnancy News", "Lil Wayne Plays Farewell Show in New Orleans", "Shane West on Salem, Star Wars Paraphernalia, and His Japanese Craftsman Home", "Reese Witherspoon & cast of 'Big Little Lies' donate money to help frontline workers in NOLA", "YoungBoy Never Broke Again Builds Momentum at Second Tour Stop in L.A.", Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World, Louisiana: State Resource Guide, from the Library of Congress, cities with populations exceeding 100,000, J. C. "Sonny" Gilbert Wildlife Management Area, Louisiana Department of Culture, Recreation & Tourism, Louisiana Department of Agriculture & Forestry, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Francisco Hernndez de Crdoba (Yucatn conquistador), Francisco Hernndez de Crdoba (founder of Nicaragua), Indigenous people during De Soto's travels, Assemble parlementaire de la Francophonie, Agence de Coopration Culturelle et Technique, Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louisiana&oldid=1142565374, States and territories established in 1812, States of the Confederate States of America, States of the Gulf Coast of the United States, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing Cajun French-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Pages using infobox U.S. state with unknown parameters, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Rodolfo Batiza, "The Louisiana Civil Code of 1808: Its Actual Sources and Present Relevance", 46, The standard history of the state, though only through the Civil War, is. Religion Census | Religious Statistics & Demographics", "A Look at Religion in Shreveport-Bossier City", "Mosques and Islamic schools in Eastern Louisiana, Louisiana Salatomatic your guide to mosques & Islamic schools", "The Most Small Business-Friendly States, Metro Areas", "Tonnage of Top 50 U.S. Water Ports, Ranked by Total Tons", "Table 2.1 2016 Global Top 20 Ports by Cargo Throughput", "Louisiana to be Southern Filmmaking Capital? [128] Since the coastal wetlands support an economically important coastal fishery, the loss of wetlands is adversely affecting this industry. The majority of Louisianian immigrants came from Mexico (16%), Honduras (15%), Vietnam (10%), the Philippines (5%), and Guatemala (4%). In general, the northern terraces have had sufficient time for rivers to cut deep channels, while the newer terraces tend to be much flatter. Tornadoes are more common from January to March in the southern part of the state, and from February through March in the northern part of the state. In 1932, the State Highway Patrol was authorized to carry weapons. In 1942, this office was abolished and became a division of the Department of Public Safety, called the Louisiana State Police. In 1765, during Spanish rule, several thousand Acadians from the French colony of Acadia (now Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island) made their way to Louisiana after having been expelled from Acadia by the British government after the French and Indian War. Report to the Governor. Summers in southern Louisiana have high temperatures from June through September averaging 90F (32C) or more, and overnight lows averaging above 70F (21C). [159] The United States Census Bureau estimated that the population of Louisiana was 4,648,794 on July 1, 2019, a 2.55% increase since the 2010 United States census. As of 2016, Louisiana was the birthplace of the most NFL players per capita for the eighth year in a row. In 1709, French financier Antoine Crozat obtained a monopoly of commerce in La Louisiane, which extended from the Gulf of Mexico to what is now Illinois. St Osyth , Eastern. Protestants are concentrated in North Louisiana, Central Louisiana, and the northern tier of the Florida Parishes. 206-339-4941. Sussex (/ s s k s /), from the Old English Ssaxe (lit. The mechanization of agriculture also reduced the need for laborers. Subsequent state constitutions reflect the diminishing importance of French. Training sites in the state include Camp Beauregard near Pineville, Camp Villere near Slidell, Camp Minden near Minden, England Air Park (formerly England Air Force Base) near Alexandria, Gillis Long Center near Carville, and Jackson Barracks in New Orleans. British Airways - Wikipedia Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other southern state, including four that are federally recognized, ten that are state recognized, and four that have not received recognition.[22]. The following day, Captain Amos Stoddard of the First U.S. Louisiana has 12 collegiate NCAA Division I programs, a high number given its population. In 1927, a second branch, the Bureau of Criminal Investigations, was formed. Boesch, D. F., Josselyn, M. N., Mehta, A. J., Morris, J. T., Nuttle, W. K., Simenstad, C. A., and Swift, D. P. J. Louisiana's French settlements contributed to further exploration and outposts, concentrated along the banks of the Mississippi and its major tributaries, from Louisiana to as far north as the region called the Illinois Country, around present-day St. Louis, Missouri. Both freedmen and people of color who had been free before the war began to make more advances in education, family stability and jobs. Some vital areas, such as southwestern prairie, have experienced a loss in excess of 98 percent. In the postCivil War environment, Anglo Americans increased the pressure for Anglicization, and in 1921, English was for a time made the sole language of instruction in Louisiana schools before a policy of multilingualism was revived in 1974. When the army led by Napoleon's brother-in-law Leclerc was defeated, Napoleon decided to sell Louisiana.[75]. Louisiana's secession was announced on January 26, 1861, and it became part of the Confederate States of America. Minorities are incarcerated at rates disproportionate to their share of the state's population. [124], The southern coast of Louisiana in the United States is among the fastest-disappearing areas in the world. This became a pattern repeated in New Orleans and other places, although the commodity crop in the south was primarily sugar cane. Differences are found between Louisianian civil law and the common law found in the other U.S. states. Many for-profit private prisons and sheriff-owned prisons have been built and operate here. In summer, thunderstorms build during the heat of the day and bring intense but brief, tropical downpours. Most parishes have an elected government known as the Police Jury,[261] dating from the colonial days. [174][175], Several American Indian tribes such as the Atakapa and Caddo were the primary residents of Louisiana before European colonization, concentrated along the Red River and Gulf of Mexico. Article VI of the Code Noir forbade mixed marriages, forbade but did little to protect slave women from rape by their owners, overseers or other slaves. [207] In 2014, Louisiana was ranked as one of the most small business friendly states, based on a study drawing upon data from more than 12,000 small business owners. The overnight lows in the winter average well above freezing throughout the state, with 46F (8C) the average near the Gulf and an average low of 37F (3C) in the winter in the northern part of the state. Walk with Vicky in Stockton's Black Walnut Festival Parade as she runs for re-election! Ranking 41st in the United States with a per capita personal income of $30,952 in 2014,[219][220] its residents per capita income decreased to $28,662 in 2019. Spanish Canary Islanders, called Isleos, emigrated from the Canary Islands of Spain to Louisiana under the Spanish crown between 1778 and 1783. [211] South Louisiana was number 15 among world ports in 2016. The state was quickly defeated in the Civil War, a result of Union strategy to cut the Confederacy in two by controlling the Mississippi River. Ricardo A. Olea and James L Coleman., Jr. (2014), A synoptic examination of causes of land loss in southern Louisiana as they relate to the exploitation of subsurface geologic resources. The United States continued to protect the domestic slave trade, including the coastwise tradethe transport of slaves by ship along the Atlantic Coast and to New Orleans and other Gulf ports. In 2004, David Vitter was the first Republican in Louisiana to be popularly elected as a U.S. [167] Among the immigrant population in 2014, an estimated 64,500 were undocumented; Louisiana's undocumented immigrant population earned more than a billion U.S. dollars and paid $136million in taxes. During the latter period, some people began to migrate to cities of the New South for opportunities. [99], In the 1950s the state created new requirements for a citizenship test for voter registration. Despite opposition by the States' Rights Party (Dixiecrats), downstate black voters had begun to increase their rate of registration, which also reflected the growth of their middle classes. Article II of the Code Noir of 1724 required owners to provide their slaves with religious education in the state religion, Roman Catholicism. [116] Since the first confirmed case as of October 27, 2020, there had been 180,069 confirmed cases; 5,854 people have died of COVID-19. The unique geography of the region, with the many bayous, marshes and inlets, can result in water damage across a wide area from major hurricanes. Its members are descendants of colonists from the Canary Islands who settled in Spanish Louisiana between 1778 and 1783 and intermarried with other communities such as Frenchman, Acadians, Creoles, Spaniards, and other groups, mainly through the 19th and early 20th centuries. With its first settlements, France laid claim to a vast region of North America and set out to establish a commercial empire and French nation stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada. [206], Among Louisiana's irreligious community, 2% affiliated with Atheism and 13% claimed no religion as of 2014; an estimated 10% of the state's population practiced nothing in particular at the 2014 study. [30], By 400 the Late Woodland period had begun with the Baytown culture, Troyville culture, and Coastal Troyville during the Baytown period and were succeeded by the Coles Creek cultures. The following day, General James Wilkinson accepted possession of New Orleans for the United States. Many came from peoples of the same region of West Africa, thus concentrating their culture; Filipinos also arrived during colonial Louisiana. Federal troops captured New Orleans on April 25, 1862. [155] At the 2020 United States census, Louisiana had an apportioned population of 4,661,468. [248] The act allowed public school teachers to use supplemental materials in the science classroom which are critical of established science on such topics as the theory of evolution and global warming. The maps below will help you access the stadium when visiting for matches and other occasions. The first European explorers to visit Louisiana came in 1528 when a Spanish expedition led by Pnfilo de Narvez located the mouth of the Mississippi River. celtic park Celtic FC vs Aberdeen FC Seat is considered restricted view because of the pole on the left hand issue of the picture but the view was great and the pole didn't really get in the way at all 119 section QQ row 21 seat Over time, the term "Creole" became associated with this class of Creoles of color, many of whom achieved freedom long before the American Civil War. Holden Matthews, 21 years old, was charged with the destruction of the churches. As a resale marketplace, prices may be above face value . The history of the formation of these rocks can be found in D. Spearing's Roadside Geology of Louisiana.[130]. Donaldsonville, Opelousas, and Shreveport have briefly served as the seat of Louisiana state government. An official transfer of Louisiana to French ownership had not yet taken place, and Napoleon's deal with the Spanish was a poorly kept secret on the frontier. [c] The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans, Diocese of Baton Rouge, and Diocese of Lafayette in Louisiana are the largest Catholic jurisdictions in the state, located within the Greater New Orleans, Greater Baton Rouge, and Lafayette metropolitan statistical areas. Louisiana is a community property state.[269]. [168] The undocumented immigrant population increased to 70,000 in 2016 and comprised two percent of the state population. Since the Louisiana territory had never officially been turned over to the French, the Spanish took down their flag, and the French raised theirs. This run-off method does not take into account party identification; therefore, it is not uncommon for a Democrat to be in a runoff with a fellow Democrat or a Republican to be in a runoff with a fellow Republican. Temperatures are generally warm in the winter in the southern part of the state, with highs around New Orleans, Baton Rouge, the rest of southern Louisiana, and the Gulf of Mexico averaging 66F (19C). Louisiana averages 27 tornadoes annually. Louisiana saw the United States' first and second black governors with Oscar Dunn and P.B.S. Creating a statewide greenways system: For people. [192] African American and French heritage have been dominant since colonial Louisiana. English banker Alexander Baring conferred with Marbois in Paris, shuttled to the United States to pick up the bonds, took them to Britain, and returned to France with the moneywhich Napoleon used to wage war against Baring's own country. Beginning in the 1940s, blacks went west to California for jobs in its expanding defense industries. Kent - Wikipedia The Hedgepeth Site in Lincoln Parish is more recent, dated to 52004500 BP (33002600 BC).[25]. The state may properly be divided into two parts, the uplands of the north (the region of North Louisiana), and the alluvial along the coast (the Central Louisiana, Acadiana, Florida Parishes, and Greater New Orleans regions). (Long Life! Creole culture is an amalgamation of French, African, Spanish (and other European), and Native American cultures. [288], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}31N 92W / 31N 92W / 31; -92 (State of Louisiana). First Direct Arena Seating Plan Block Layout for Micky Flanagan - Premium Package - The Luxury Experience They consist of prairie and woodlands. A number of Class II and Class III railroads also carry freight. Historic or scenic areas managed, protected, or otherwise recognized by the National Park Service include: Louisiana contains 308 incorporated municipalities, consisting of four consolidated city-parishes, and 304 cities, towns, and villages. [232] They might educate sons in France, for instance, and help them enter the French Army for a career. [114][115], The first case of COVID-19 in Louisiana was announced on March 9, 2020. [153] Since 2020, the black or African American population have made up the largest non-white share of youths. Please check below for Micky Flanagan - Premium Package - The Luxury Experience Tickets. 5, p. 10251044. In addition to private organizations, since 1968 the state has maintained the Council for the Development of French in Louisiana (CODOFIL), which promotes use of the French language in the state's tourism, economic development, culture, education and international relations.[241]. Their age and distribution can be largely related to the rise and fall of sea levels during past ice ages. "[251] The number of students in enrolled in private schools in Louisiana declined by 9% from circa 20002005 until 2014, due to the proliferation of charter schools, the 2008 recession and Hurricane Katrina. [274] If no candidate has more than 50% of the vote, the two candidates with the highest vote totals compete in a runoff election approximately one month later. ): Filipino Culture in Southeast Louisiana", "NOLA Filipino History Stretches for Centuries", "Unveiling of St. Malo Historical Marker", "From Manila to the Marigny: How Philippine pioneers left a mark at the 'end of world' in New Orleans", "Filipino American History Month Resolution", "Louisiana: European Explorations and the Louisiana Purchase", "Why France Sold the Louisiana Purchase to the US", "Founders Online: From Thomas Jefferson to Robert R. Livingston, 18 April 1802", "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 17741875", "An Act to enlarge the limits of the State of Louisiana", "Giving the Assent of the Legislature to an Enlargement of the Limits of the State of Louisiana", Historical Census Browser, 1860 US Census, University of Virginia, "Munson, Underwood, Horn, Fairfield and Allied Families Louisiana", Historical Census Browser, 1900 US Census, University of Virginia. After the British defeated France in the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) in 1763, France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi River to Britain. The settlement soon became a flourishing river port and crossroads, giving rise to vast cotton kingdoms along the river that were worked by imported African slaves. [citation needed]. They are the keepers of the local parish prisons, which house felony and misdemeanor prisoners. Often the French would free their concubines and mixed-race children, and pass on social capital to them. 1994. A number of accounts by 17th- and 18th-century French explorers: Jean-Bernard Bossu, Franois-Marie Perrin du Lac, Pierre-Franois-Xavier de Charlevoix, Dumont (as published by Fr. It was 8,776 square miles (22,730km2) in 2017, the largest ever recorded. The Louisiana State Capitol and the Louisiana Governor's Mansion are both located in Baton Rouge. Lester, G. D., S.G. Sorensen, P. L. Faulkner, C. S. Reid and I. E. Maxit. The Mississippi River flows along a ridge formed by its natural deposits (known as a levee), from which the lands decline toward a river beyond at an average fall of six feet per mile (3m/km). Louisiana had eight votes in the Electoral College for the 2020 election. (1994). Officials had issued warnings to evacuate the city and nearby areas, but tens of thousands of people, mostly African Americans, stayed behind, many of them stranded. [45] A generation later, trade conflicts between Canada and Louisiana led to a more defined boundary between the French colonies; in 1745, Louisiana governor general Vaudreuil set the northern and eastern bounds of his domain as the Wabash valley up to the mouth of the Vermilion River (near present-day Danville, Illinois); from there, northwest to le Rocher on the Illinois River, and from there west to the mouth of the Rock River (at present day Rock Island, Illinois). The humid, thick, jungle-like heat in southern Louisiana is a famous subject of countless stories and movies. As of 2011, 49.0% of Louisiana's population younger than age1 were minorities.[193]. [153] As of 2018,[190] the largest single Hispanic and Latino American ethnicity were Mexican Americans (2.0%), followed by Puerto Ricans (0.3%) and Cuban Americans (0.2%). Before 2010, Orleans Parish was the only parish to have two sheriff's offices. Due to its location on the Gulf Coast, Louisiana has regularly suffered the effects of tropical storms and damaging hurricanes. Property taxes are assessed and collected at the local level. Initially, Mobile and then Biloxi served as the capital of La Louisiane. [139], Owing to its location and geology, the state has high biological diversity. "African American Migration Experience: The Great Migration". In the early decades of the 20th century, thousands of African Americans left Louisiana in the Great Migration north to industrial cities for jobs and education, and to escape Jim Crow society and lynchings. Buy Tickets And View The Schedule For Harvard Crimson Football At Polar Park from Box Office Ticket Sales! There is not yet a properly organized system of natural areas to represent and protect Louisiana's biological diversity. Your Seattle Ticket Resale Marketplace. [8][9] There has never been an official language in Louisiana, and the state constitution enumerates "the right of the people to preserve, foster, and promote their respective historic, linguistic, and cultural origins. The most populous city is New Orleans. senator. The chief justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court is the chief administrator of the judiciary. A similar ceremony was held in St. Louis on March 9, 1804, when a French tricolor was raised near the river, replacing the Spanish national flag. [191], At the 2019 American Community Survey, the largest ancestry groups of Louisiana were African American (31.4%), French (9.6%), German (6.2%), English (4.6%), Italian (4.2%), and Scottish (0.9%). According to historian Hugh Thomas, "that concession allowed him to bring in a cargo of blacks from Africa every year". Conditions were harsh, the climate and soil were unsuitable for certain crops the colonists knew, and they suffered from regional tropical diseases. [96], During some of the Great Depression, Louisiana was led by Governor Huey Long. On balance, the code benefitted the owners but had more protections and flexibility than did the institution of slavery in the southern Thirteen Colonies. [231] But originally it referred more generally to the French colonists born in Louisiana.