I have heard that Jeb Bush rigged the decision in favor of his brother, when Gore should have become the 43rd president. Meanwhile, on December 6 the Republican-controlled Florida legislature convened a special session to appoint a slate of electors pledged to Bush, as the U.S. Constitution bestows upon state legislatures the duty to determine how its state's electors are appointed. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Direct link to Camden Charles's post Could Florida have decide, Posted 2 years ago. While the stakes might not be quite as high this time, they are nonetheless substantial: the governorship of Florida, a seat in the U.S. Senate, and the office of state agricultural commission. "[5], This initiative occurred without sufficient protection of voting rights. County custom standard: what each individual county canvassing board considered a vote, in regard to both undervotes and overvotes. [1] The majority held that no alternative method could be established within the discretionary December 12 "safe harbor" deadline set by Title 3 of the United States Code (3 U.S.C. In the 2000 Election, the State of Florida officials A. declared Al Gore the winner when the recount deadline passed B. decided that the recount should continue in all counties until complete C. decided that the recount procedures went against the U.S. Constitution D. declared George Bush the winner when the recount deadline passed 2 See answers On December 4, the U.S. Supreme Court returned this matter to the Florida Supreme Court with an order vacating its earlier decision. Controversies included: Many voters in Palm Beach County who intended to vote for Gore actually marked their ballots for Pat Buchanan or spoiled their ballots because they found the ballot's layout to be confusing. The next day, the Florida Supreme Court allowed manual recounts in Palm Beach and Broward Counties to continue but left it to a state judge to decide whether Harris must include those votes in the final tally. The result in Florida was so close as to trigger a statewide mandatory machine recount according to the Florida Election Code. [23], Political commentator and author Jeff Greenfield observed that the Republican operatives in Florida talked and acted like combat platoon sergeants in what one called "switchblade time", the biggest political fight of the century. In the Election of 2000, Florida was. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 25 electors who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. [4][6] According to legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin, later analysis showed that a total of 18 countiesaccounting for a quarter of all votes cast in Floridadid not carry out the legally mandated machine recount, but "No one from the Gore campaign ever challenged this view" that the machine recount had been completed.[7]. In the hours that followed, the nation came to know the name Katherine Harris. What good and Ideas came from china ? That could skew toward an unusual number of young voters, women voters and people of color. Direct link to famousguy786's post The answer to your questi, Posted 7 years ago. The state's electorate was becoming more diverse in general, with growing Asian and Hispanic immigrant populations. [4], An analysis of the NORC data by University of Pennsylvania researcher Steven F. Freeman and journalist Joel Bleifuss concluded that, no matter what standard is used, after a recount of all uncounted votes, Gore would have been the victor. Second, the Court ruled 54 against the remedy, proposed by Justices Stephen Breyer and David Souter, of sending the case back to Florida to complete the recount using a uniform statewide standard before the scheduled December 18 meeting of Florida's electors in Tallahassee. Florida Attorney General Robert Butterworth in his advisory opinion to county canvassing boards wrote:[60]. Most of the excitement in the primaries came on the Republican side, as Bush faced a stiff challenge from John McCain, a U.S. senator from Arizona; other candidates included businessman Steve Forbes, diplomat and conservative commentator Alan Keyes, U.S. senator Orrin Hatch, and conservative activist Gary Bauer. What were the long-term consequences of the 2000 election? By November 10 the machine recount was complete, and Bushs lead stood at 327 votes out of six million cast. That 5-4 majority was composed of the nominees of Republican Presidents George H.W. The process was extremely divisive and led to calls for electoral reform in Florida. appealed the florida supreme court's decision to allow a hand recount. a) running for congress b) writing about immigrants c) leading factor riots d) speaking against slavery. Florida state law at the time allowed a candidate to request a manual recount by protesting the results of at least three precincts. The court ruled that counties had that authority and to allow time for these efforts, extended the statutory deadline for the manual recounts. According to legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin, later analysis showed that a total of 18 countiesaccounting for a quarter of all votes cast in Floridadid not carry out the legally mandated machine recount, but "No one from the Gore campaign ever challenged this view" that the machine recount had been completed. In the weeks following Election Day in the 2000 U.S. presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore, there was a period of vote recounting in Florida. Bush v. Gore, legal case, decided on December 12, 2000, in which the Supreme Court of the United States reversed an order by the Florida Supreme Court for a selective manual recount of that states U.S. presidential election ballots. Most inclusive standard: any dimpled chads, any affirmative mark on optical scan ballots; includes optical scan overvotes. In punchcard counties, 1 in 25 ballots had uncountable presidential votes. florida expired registration fee; bahama breeze yellow rice recipe. United States presidential election of 2000, American presidential election held on Nov. 7, 2000, in which Republican George W. Bush narrowly lost the popular vote to Democrat Al Gore but defeated Gore in the electoral college. Yes, I do. So it is possible that either candidate might have emerged the winner of an official recount, and nobody can say with exact certainty what the "true" Florida vote really was. [83] Under the other standards used in the study, Bush's margin of victory increased as looser standards were used. The small margin produced an automatic recount under Florida state law, which began the day after the election. Q: Is the use of acetaminophen during pregnancy linked to autism or ADHD? Fewer than 600 votes separated the candidates, and that margin appeared to be narrowing. "[7] Even an elections supervisor in Madison County was barred from voting; she and others "tried to get the state to rectify the problem, but their pleas fell on deaf ears."[7]. About 3:00 am Gore called a stunned Bush to retract his concession. The 2000 election between George W. Bush, the Republican candidate, and Democratic candidate Al Gore remains controversial because the vote between the two candidates was so close . The 2000 presidential election was the closest in the history of the US Electoral College and the first ever to be decided by the US Supreme Court. [19]:215216 Also, before the election, the Secretary of State's office had expunged tens of thousands of citizens identified as felons from the Florida voting rolls, with African-Americans identified on some counties' lists at up to five times their share of the population. Advertisement Gore appealed that decision to the Florida Supreme Court. Networks said they relied on exit polling to call Florida. Direct link to David Alexander's post There are many possible r, Posted 6 years ago. [77] NORC investigators were able to examine 175,010 ballots, 99.2% of Florida's total,[78] but county officials were unable to deliver "as many as 2,200 problem ballots" to NORC. On December 12, 2000, in a 72 ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the Florida Supreme Courts decision that manual recounts of ballots should continue in some counties, holding that the various methods and standards of the recount process violated the equal protection clause of the U.S. Constitution. Direct link to Jeff Kelman's post How long would the recoun, Posted 7 years ago. Gore, legal case, decided on December 12, 2000, in which the Supreme Court of the United States reversed an order by the Florida Supreme Court for a selective manual recount of that state's U.S. presidential election ballots. SC00-2431, Albert Gore, Jr., and Joseph I. Lieberman, Appellants, vs. Katherine Harris, as Secretary, etc., et al., Appellees", "2000 Presidential Election - Handcount (00genhc.xls)", "Counting the vote: the overview; Bush is declared winner in Florida, but Gore vows to contest results", "Disputed Palm Beach ballots held potential gains for Gore", "General, Nonpartisan and Special Elections Recount; Miami-Dade County, Florida", "So, who really won? The Gore campaign requested that disputed ballots in Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach and Volusia Counties be counted by hand. If they did not send their electoral votes to Congress before the official the deadline to do so, neither Bush nor Gore could have reached 270 electoral votes and a contingent election would have taken place in the House of Representatives for President and in the Senate for Vice President, which would have been super messy and therefore everyone worked hard to avoid that situation. Could Florida have decided not to send its electors to the Electoral College if it did not have time to ensure the election was properly counted? In the 2000 Election, the State of Florida officials, A. declared Al Gore the winner when the recount deadline passed, what was harriet tubman beat know for? On election day, Gore won the popular vote by over half a million votes. Positive sign indicates number of votes that decision caused to be included (or put back) in state certified total. Copyright 2023 Center for the National Interest All Rights Reserved. ", "THE 2000 CAMPAIGN: THE VOTERS; Independents and the Elderly Lift Gore in Florida, Poll Says", "2000 Presidential General Election Results", "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections County Data", Florida Recounts Would Have Favored Bush But Study Finds Gore Might Have Won Statewide Tally of All Uncounted Ballots., Category: Books about the 2000 United States presidential election, Florida election recount and legal proceedings, Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board, Unprecedented: The 2000 Presidential Election, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_Florida&oldid=1138104961, 2000 United States presidential election by state, United States presidential elections in Florida, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles to be expanded from November 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 01:40. The study cost nearly $1 million and was the most thorough and comprehensive news-media review of the Florida balloting. There were two main issues:[55][56][57][58]. It won Outstanding Television Movie at the Primetime Emmy Awards, with Roach winning Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special, and Dern a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress Series, Miniseries or Television Film. A January 2001 review by the Palm Beach Post of those "set-aside" ballots determined that 4318 were "unambiguous" valid votes. In 2000 that process took five weeks and only ended at the Supreme Court. The U.S. Supreme Courts ruling in Bush v. Gore terminated the recount process in Florida in the U.S. presidential election of 2000. On the evening of election dayNovember 7, 2000a clear winner of the presidential election had yet to emerge. There were also contentions about the card-punch system that some counties used, which required voters to puncture a hole for the ticket they had supported, but that left some cards with hanging chads, or pieces of paper dangling from their ballots. According to their results, Bush won under stricter standards and Gore won under looser standards. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. [12] This statutory process primarily accommodated recounts for local elections. Sauls also rejected Gore's contest of the election result on December 4, and Gore appealed that decision too. "Under the two most likely scenarios, Bush Wins Florida." On November 14, Democratic lawyer Mark Herron authored a memo on how to challenge flawed ballots, including overseas ballots cast by members of the military. Among those making that call were ABC, CBS, NBC, CNN, Fox News and The Associated Press. The Associated Press reported the findings this way: AP: A vote-by-vote review of untallied ballots in the 2000 Florida presidential election indicates George W. Bush would have narrowly prevailed in the partial recounts sought by Al Gore, but Gore might have reversed the outcome by the barest of margins had he pursued and gained a complete statewide recount. She was the Florida secretary of state, in charge of legally certifying winners in any statewide vote. Judges are either elected or politically appointed, so probably not in the way you are trying to get at. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. It would surely be accepted by the reviewing authority, which was the U.S. Senate, where Republicans were in control. We shall see how long it takes to resolve this time. [4]:74. The 2000 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 7, 2000, as part of the nationwide presidential election. The controversy in detail: A big recount controversy in Florida, a swing state, took centre stage in the election. Bush or Gore? That first day's results reduced the margin to just over 900 votes. The Bush campaign immediately petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court for a stay of the recount order, which was granted on December 9. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The 2000 presidential election pitted Republican. The decision was extremely controversial due to its partisan split and the majority's unusual instruction that its judgment in Bush v. Gore should not set precedent but should be "limited to the present circumstances". Two-coder general agreement for punch-card counties. The recounts had gone up until December 9 (although they had been stopped and restarted and stopped and restarted several times before then) when the Supreme Court stopped the recount with a 7 to 2 decision, on the basis that it violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Trained investigators examined 175,010 ballots provided by local election officials. [78] Among the nearly 85,000 Votomatic overvotes in the sample, only 721 reclaimable votes were confirmed in the NORC study. Most of the variation occurred in Votomatic overvotes, the least likely ballots to yield votes in a recount. Bush v. Gore was a case heard before the U.S. Supreme Court in which that court reversed a Florida Supreme Court request for a selective manual recount of ballots cast in the U.S. presidential election of 2000. Republican Ron DeSantis proclaimed victory in the governor's race and current Gov. Even though four other Optiscan counties (Hamilton, Polk, Seminole, Taylor) manually reviewed machine-rejected ballots for votes to include in their certified totals, Includes increase in Orange County's unofficially revised machine-tabulated vote total, due to machine later counting 512 ballots that were previously machine-rejected ("could not be distinguished from ballots that were accepted and counted they appeared to be properly completed"): Gore 249, Bush 184 (total 433). This immediately reduced the Bush margin from 537 to 154 (537215168 is 154). It would of taken too much time and money to do a complete re vote. When we revisit the gut-wrenching night of Nov. 7, 2000, we recall that the TV networks looked at exit polls and sample swing precincts from Florida and declared it a win for Al Gore, who was the incumbent vice president and the Democratic nominee for president. Ultimately, the contest focused on Florida. On December 8, the Florida justices, by a 43 vote, rejected the selective use of manual recounts in just four counties and ordered immediate manual recounts of all ballots in the state where no vote for president had been machine-recorded, also known as undervotes. The court ordered counties to submit returns by November 26, until which time the stay of certification would stand.[59]. He and his legal team will need to produce solid evidence of it. Regarding the first issue, the court ruled that, while Harris was generally entitled to deference in her interpretation of state laws, in this case the interpretation "contravene[d] the plain meaning" of the phrase "error in the vote tabulation" and so must be overturned. Both campaigns immediately dispatched teams of lawyers to Florida. Florida was the second of the 50 states (after Louisiana) to report its official results to the federal government (in a Certificate of Ascertainment submitted to the National Archivist, the manner prescribed for presidential elections). Various flaws and improprieties in Florida's electoral processes were immediately apparent, while others were reported after later investigation. Their predictions came not long after the official closing time for voting in the state, when relatively few votes had actually been counted. The Florida election was closely scrutinized after Election Day. On December 8, in a 43 decision, the Florida Supreme Court ordered immediate manual recounts of undervotes for the office of president in all counties where such recounts had not already taken place. Gore garnered 255 electoral votes to Bushs 246, but neither candidate won the 270 electoral votes necessary for victory. 34K 2.2M views 4 years ago #HistoryChannel Learn how Florida ended up determining whether Al Gore or George W. Bush would win the U.S. presidency in 2000. Directed by Jay Roach, it starred Kevin Spacey as Ron Klain, Bob Balaban as Benjamin Ginsberg, Ed Begley Jr. as David Boies, Laura Dern as Katherine Harris, John Hurt as Warren Christopher, Denis Leary as Michael Whouley, Bruce McGill as Mac Stipanovich, and Tom Wilkinson as James Baker. According to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, "the vast majority of issues in Florida during the 2000 election were caused by an overall lack of leadership in preserving voting rights." In Florida in 2000, how many votes did Pat Buchanan receive? Seven of the nine justices saw constitutional problems with the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution in the Florida Supreme Court's plan for recounting ballots, citing differing vote-counting standards from county to county and the lack of a single judicial officer to oversee the recount. 2000 Electoral College Results. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . [78][80], Based on the NORC review, the media group concluded that if the disputes over the validity of all the ballots in question had been consistently resolved and any uniform standard applied, the electoral result would have been reversed and Gore would have won by 60 to 171 votes (with, for each punch ballot, at least two of the three ballot reviewers' codes being in agreement). They had won Florida, they insisted. In a statewide election decided by hundreds, maybe only dozens, of votes, the limitations of the voting machinery compounded with sometimes sloppy custody of the ballots and the slight but measurable biases of allegedly neutral human tabulators make getting precise vote totals virtually impossible. Bush, against Democrat Al Gore, former senator from Tennessee and vice president in the administration of. Since then, we have seen several elections in which exit polling over-sampled voters with college and post-college educations possibly because these voters are more willing to complete an exit poll "ballot" as they leave their polling place. [15]. [78] The 175,010 ballots examined contained undervotes (votes with no choice made for president) and overvotes (votes made with more than one choice marked). That decision was announced on live worldwide television by the Florida Supreme Court's spokesman Craig Waters, the Court's public information officer. Dispute over the butterfly ballot Between May 1999 and Election Day 2000, two Florida secretaries of state, While the Bush campaign opposed the Gore campaign's requests for manual recounts in four heavily Democratic counties, they quietly accepted manual recounts from four Republican-leaning counties. Despite the continued economic growth that Gore could attribute to his economic stewardship with Clinton, early in the general election campaign it appeared that Bush might easily defeat Gore, who appeared wooden and dismissive of Bush in the campaigns debates and who was criticized repeatedly by the Bush campaign as an exaggerator. State results tallied on election night gave 246 electoral votes to Republican nominee Texas Governor George W. Bush and 255 to Democratic nominee Vice President Al Gore, with New Mexico (5), Oregon (7), and Florida (25) too close to call that evening.
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